Fig. 1

Morphology of generation of pedicles and first antlers, and regeneration of antlers. a Frontal crest (arrow), the presumptive pedicle growth region, in a prepubertal male deer; b Full grown pedicle (P) with a newly emerging antler bud (A), note that the pedicle is enveloped with typical scalp skin and the antler with a special type of skin, known as velvet skin; c A fresh wound (arrow) on top of a pedicle created following casting of the previous hard antler; d A two pair of 2-branch-antlers regenerated following the wound healing over the pedicles