Fig. 3From: Principles and biological concepts of heredity before MendelThe effect of artificial selection by sheep breeders was particularly striking in the case of dog breeds. In the early nineteenth-century, breeding was aimed at creating livestock, so breeds were bred to perform their intended function. By the mid-nineteenth-century this had changed considerably. Dog breeds became a 'fashion item' for the aristocracy and upper classes. This is illustrated by a cartoon in the 1889 issue of Punch MagazineBack to article page