Fig. 5

MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ and TNF-α alleviate ConA-induced liver injury in an iNOS-dependent manner. Mice were intravenously injected with ConA (20 mg/kg), 30 min later, IFN-γ and TNF-α-pretreated wild-type or Nos2^−/− T-MSCs were transfused. After 12 h, serum and livers were sampled. (A) Pattern diagram of ConA-induced liver injury in mice prevented by tail vein injection of T-MSCs. (B) Expression levels of T-cell specific cytokines were examined by qPCR (n = 6). (C) Serum levels of AST and ALT were measured (n = 4). (D) Hematoxylin&eosin staining of liver sections at 12 h after ConA administration, and percentages of necrosis were calculated (n = 4). N: necrosis area. Scale bars, 30 μm. (E) Absolute numbers of CD3⁺ and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells were determined by flow cytometry (n = 4). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001