Fig. 3
From: Total network controllability analysis discovers explainable drugs for Covid-19 treatment
Potential therapeutic mechanisms of some druggable control hubs and selected drugs for treatment and/or prevention of Covid-19. (A) Network topologies of two SARS-Cov-2 proteins (nsp12 and nsp7 that are responsible for viral transcription and replication) and three human proteins (RIPK1, COMT, and CYB5R3) that directly interact with nsp12 and nsp7. (B) The binding structures of two SARS-Cov-2 proteins (nsp12 and nsp7) and three druggable control hubs (RIPK1, COMT, and CYB5R3). (C) The biological-process enrichment of the 65 druggable control hubs within the 2-step community, revealing their collective functions during viral infection. GeneRatio is the ratio between the number of observed proteins with a specific Go term and the total number of proteins of interest. (D) The interactions among SARS-Cov-2 proteins, key druggable control hubs, and drugs in three categories. Drugs are grouped based on their functions, marked in color. The drugs in orange correspond to immune-related agents, such as antineoplastic or Immunomodulating agents, in green are dietary supplements, such as Vitamins and Calcium; and in blue are gonadal hormones. (E) The potential therapeutic mechanisms of Fostamatinib for treating Covid-19. It reduces excessive immune and autoinflammatory responses by targeting ten control hubs, 9 of which are protein kinases and one on the p53 pathway