Fig. 2

Comparison of druggable targets from different methods. (A) Distributions of the driver nodes, control hubs, and druggable control hubs in the human PPI network. (B) Determining that the 2-step community was most enriched with control hubs (the vertical axis) among all k-step communities of proteins with different k steps away from viral proteins (the horizontal axis). Statistical analysis was adopted to compare the number of control hubs (in green) within k-step communities against random empirical distributions (i.e., the baseline in grey). The three smaller figures on the side show random empirical distributions for k = 1, k = 2, and k = 3. The small figures include the values of enrichment of druggable targets (vertical green lines) by the new control-hub method. A z-test analysis showed that the highest increment of control hubs from the baseline occurred at k = 2. (C) The 2-step community was also enriched with druggable control hubs (the vertical axis). The same statistical analysis as in B) was performed. (D) Comparison of drug-target enrichment of the new method, the driver-node method, and the other eight node-ranking methods in the 2-step community