Fig. 6
Verification of the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of IGFBP3-over hDPSCs in vivo. A The hDPSCs and collagen membrane scaffold complex under the inverted phase contrast fluorescence microscope. BF channel: a2–c2; GFP channel: a3–c3, a4–c4. scale bar: 200 μm. B The hDPSCs-collagen complex removed from subcutaneous after culturing for 8 weeks in vivo. The red arrow indicates the degradation of collagen scaffold in the IGFBP3-over group (b1). The black frame and arrow indicate vascularization of the hDPSCs-collagen complex in the lv5 group (b2). C HE staining of tissue sections demonstrated massive degradation of the collagen membrane was found in the IGFBP3-over hDPSCs group (b1–b3), and there was no evident breakage of collagen fibers in lv5 hDPSCs group (a1–a3). Masson’s trichrome staining revealed less collagen fibers were stained (blue) in IGFBP3-over hDPSCs group comparing to lv5 hDPSCs group (a4–c4). Immunohistology assay results showing intense staining of OCN expression in lv5 group. The red arrows indicate parts of the tissue that were positive for immunohistochemical staining. scale bar: 250 μm, over: IGFBP3-over hDPSCs seeded in the membrane scaffold; lv5: lv5 hDPSCs seeded in the membrane scaffold; blank: no cell seeded in the membrane scaffold. D Schematic diagram summarizing the main findings of the present study