Fig. 4

Schematic overview of the potential role of APOBECs and ADARs in host-mediated RNA editing of SARS-CoV-2. In SARS-CoV-2, both ADAR1 and APOBEC3A are associated with exogenous viral RNAs through deamination-dependent mechanism. By contrast, other members of APOBEC family, such as AID, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC4, together with partners (like A1CF), exert effects through deamination-independent mechanism