Fig. 3

Nrf2-sEVs reduce apoptosis in ALI. (A and B) Apoptosis in lung tissue was evaluated by TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence microscopy. Scale bar = 100 μm. C The protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. (D and E) The number of neutrophil granulocytes (D) and macrophage (E) were counted in BALF at 24 h post-LPS stimulation. (F–H) ELISA was used to measure the protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (F), IL-6 (G) and TNF-α (H), in BALF at 24 h post-LPS stimulation. n = 5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus sham, and ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 versus LPS + PBS group