Table 3 Baseline features of eligible patients. c T stage: clinical stage; c N stage: clinical N stage; EMVI; extramural vascular invasion; MRF: mesorectal fascia involment
Study | ARMS (N patients) | Age mean (range) | cT Stage N (%) | cN Stage N (%) | Enlarged lateral nodes N (%) | EMVI +  N (%) | MRF +  N (%) | Predicted CRM +  N (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  |  | cT2 | cT3 | cT4 | cN0 | cN1 | cN2 |  |  |  |  ≤ 1 mm |  > 1 mm | NR |
EudraCT | EXP. ARM (28) | 62 (22–80) | 1 (4%) | 25 (89%) | 2 (7%) | – | 26 (93%) | – | – | – | 7 (25%)* | 18 (64%)** | 3 (11%) | |
CONTROL (29) | 62 (44–79) | 3 (10%) | 23 (79%) | 3 (10%) | 25 (86%) | 9 (31%)* | 15 (52%)** | 5 (17%) | ||||||
GCR-3 | EXP. ARM (56) | 60 (38–76) | – | 18 (32%) | 7 (13%) | – | 31 (55%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
CONTROL (52) | 62 (42–75) | 12 (23%) | 3 (6%) | 31 (59%) | 5 (10%) | |||||||||
POLISH II | EXP. ARM (261) | 60 | – | 88 (34%) | 165 (63%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CONTROL (254) | 60 | 83 (33%) | 163 (64%) | |||||||||||
WAIT | EXP. ARM (25) | 60 | 0 | 24 (96%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 6 (24%) | 19 (76%) | – | – | 7 (28%) | – | – | – |
CONTROL (24) | 61 | 1 (4%) | 18 (75%) | 5 (21%) | 2 (8%) | 7 (30%) | 15 (62%) | 8 (33%) | ||||||
KCSG CO 14-03 | EXP. ARM (53) | 56 | – | 44 (81%) | 9 (19%) | 3 (6%) | 49 (92%) | – | – | 14 (26%) | – | – | – | |
CONTROL (55) | 55 | 45 (82%) | 10 (18%) | 4 (7%) | 51 (93%) | 16 (29%) | ||||||||
FOWARC | ARM TNT + RT (165) | 52 | 3 (2%) | 106 (64%) | 56 (34%) | – | 88 (53%) | 47 (29%) | – | – | 38/107 (36%) | – | – | – |
ARM TNT (165) | 54 | 1 (1%) | 114 (70%) | 50 (30%) | 76 (41%) | 43 (26%) | 22/105 (31%) | |||||||
CONTROL (165) | 54 | 8 (5%) | 100 (61%) | 57 (35%) | 84 (51%) | 44 (26%) | 32/101 (32%) | |||||||
RAPIDO | EXP. ARM (462) | 62 (31–83) | 14 (3%) | 301 (65%) | 147 (32%) | 42 (9%) | 118 (26%) | 302 (65%) | 66 (14%) | 148 (32%) | 285 (62%) | – | – | – |
CONTROL (450) | 62 (23–84) | 14 (3%) | 299 (66%) | 137 (30%) | 35 (8%) | 120 (27%) | 295 (66%) | 69 (15%) | 125 (28%) | 271 (60%) | ||||
PRODIGE-23 | EXP. ARM (231) | 61 (34–77) | 3 (1%) | 182 (81%) | 40 (18%) | 24 (10%) | 148 (64%) | 59 (26%) | 23 (10%) | – | – | 48 (21%) | 137 (59%) | 46 (20%) |
CONTROL (230) | 62 (26–75) | 2 (1%) | 188 (84%) | 35 (16%) | 22 (10%) | 155 (67%) | 53 (23%) | 24 (10%) | 54 (23%) | 141 (61%) | 35 (15%) | |||