Do clones degenerate over time? Explaining the genetic variability of asexuals through population genetic models

Janko, Karel; Drozd, Pavel; Eisner, Jan

doi:10.1186/1745-6150-6-17

Biology Direct

Table 1 Summary of observed values

From: Do clones degenerate over time? Explaining the genetic variability of asexuals through population genetic models

		Polymorphic sites				D			D/Dmin			D*		Age in Mya (gener./year)	Weight (length) [g (mm)]
Ref.	Species	Total	Prun1	Prun2	Total	Prun1	Prun2	Total	Prun1	Prun2	Total	Prun1	Prun2
[42]	Schmidtea polychroa	42			-1.479			-0.482			-2.554				0.050 (8)
	S. polychroa asex. $,#,P	40	28	15	-0.275	-2.230	-1.754	-0.044	-0.818	-0.688	-0.388	-2.390	-2.080	0.75-1.5 (9)
[64]	Squalius pyrenaicus	98			-1.400			-0.477			-1.538				150 (250)
	T. alburnoides $,#,P	130	110	67	-2.014	-2.670	-2.530	-0.681	-0.910	-0.876	-3.980	-6.190	-5.250	1.8-3.6 (1)
[12]	Potamopyrgus antipodarum	22			0.930			0.421			-0.772				10 (90)
	P. antipodarum asex. $,P	36	29	21	-0.733	-1.560	-1.246	-0.280	-0.344	-0.231	-1.501	-2.660	-1.638	0.5 (2)
[63]	Ambystoma	77			1.700			0.700			1.330				15 (90)
	Ambystoma asex. $,#,P	6			-0.629	-0.629	-1.440	-0.299	-0.299	-0.239	-0.503	-0.503	-0.380	LGM (1)
[65]	Daphnia pulex	76			-1.953			-0.014			-2.982				0.002 (2)
	D. pulex asexuals	48	140	30	-1.878	-2.630	-2.361	-0.651	-0.900	-0.851	-3.582	-4.150	-3.480	0.172 (10)
[66]	Menetia greyi SAS	52			-1.250			-0.310			-0.380				2 (50)
	Menetia greyi SAR	27			-1.220			-0.406			-1.200
	RP parthenogens	12	12	12	1.233	1.233	1.233	0.526	0.526	0.526	0.703	0.703	0.703	NA	2 (50)
	WP parthenogens $	11	11	11	-2.172	-2.172	-2.172	-0.910	-0.910	-0.910	-2.827	-2.827	-2.827	NA
[67]	Campeloma limum	84			0.484			0.283			0.335				5 (50)
	C. limum asexuals P	66	35	12	0.533	-1.350	-1.243	0.242	-0.493	-0.630	1.236	-1.940	-1.298	0.56 (1)
[10]	Cobitis elongatoides	40			-1.370			-0.488			-1.700				15 (135)
	C. elongatoides-like asex. P	24	NA	13	-0.770	NA	-0.750	-0.288	NA	-0.306	-1.142	NA	-2.470	0.342 (1)
	Cobitis taenia	45			-2.320			-0.782			-6.050				15 (135)
	C. taenia-like asex. P	7	NA	3	-0.560	NA	-0.530	-0.254	NA	-0.300	0.630	NA	-0.190	LGM (1)
	Cobitis asex. pooled P	NA	19	NA	NA	-1.090	NA	NA	-0.424	NA	NA	-2.940	NA	0.342 (1)	15 (135)
[27]	Phoxinus neogaeus	1			NA			NA			NA				10 (90)
	P. eos-neogaeus asex.	5	4	4	0.062	0.263	0.263	0.031	0.129	0.149	0.980	0.886	0.886	LGM (1)
[11]	Timema poppensis	27			-0.390			-0.060			-0.002				0.050 (50)
	4-2clade asex. $,#	9	6	2	-1.540	-1.920	-0.980	-0.670	-0.903	-0.635	-0.330	-2.360	-0.700	0.5 (1)
[68]	Bacillus rossius	23			-1.070			-0.414			-0.470				0.050 (NA)
	Bacillus asex. P	10	10	6	-1.920	-1.920	-1.870	-0.829	-0.829	-0.880	-1.920	-1.920	-2.200	1.06 (1)
[69]	Aspidiotus	34			-2.630			-0.970			-5.010				0.050 (10)
	Aspidiotus parthenogens	24			-1.110	-1.060	-1.270	-0.390	-0.415	-0.455	-1.170	-1.170	-1.400	1 (1)
[70, 9]	Poecilia mexicana	18													10 (90)
	P. formosa asex. $,#	10	10	6	-0.720	-0.720	-1.040	-0.305	-0.305	-0.500	-0.540	-0.550	-1.530	0.081 (3)
[71]	Warramaba	105			0.240			0.160			-0.290				0.050 (NA)
	Warramaba parthenogens $,#	52			0.930	-0.360	-0.620	0.290	-0.114	-0.230	1.560	0.240	0.260	0.33 (1)
[72]	*Leptynia*	23			-0.670			-0.210			-0.520				0.050 (70)
	Leptynia parthenogens $,#,P	15			0.780	-1.140	-1.400	-0.330	-0.530	-0.490	0.260	-1.020	-1.270	2.86 (1)

For each complex we denote the variability as number of segregating sites in the total dataset, as well as after the first and the second type of pruning, respectively (Prun1, Prun2). Similarly, we note observed values of neutrality indices for each type of dataset. The sign $ denotes complexes with asexuals distributed (at least) partially beyond the distribution range of sexuals. The sign # denotes complexes, where asexuals extend to higher latitudes compared to sexual progenitors. 'P' denotes asexual complexes with predominant polyploid forms. The age-estimates of Poecilia formosa clonal lineages were based on the reanalysis of original data by Loewe and Lamatsch [9]. LGM stands for estimated origin of asexuals since the Last Glacial Maximum. SAS, SAR, RP and WP denote the different chromosomal races of Menetia lizards.

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ISSN: 1745-6150

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