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Table 2 Barriers (δΦ) and net changes in cost (ΔΦ) for addition of amino acids to an 8-codon block in column 1.

From: A four-column theory for the origin of the genetic code: tracing the evolutionary pathways that gave rise to an optimized code

 

ε = 0.05

ε = 0

 

δΦ

ΔΦ

δΦ

ΔΦ

Leu

-1.49

-4.07

-1.56

-4.54

Ile

-0.99

-3.26

-1.07

-3.69

Val

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Phe

1.09

-4.02

1.07

-4.84

Met

2.00

-3.83

2.11

-4.63

Cys

6.60

0.01

6.92

-0.67

Tyr

6.68

-4.66

6.94

-6.17

Trp

8.33

-1.72

8.50

-3.21

Thr

8.97

-4.38

9.55

-5.98

Pro

11.20

-3.69

11.84

-5.70

His

11.51

-4.67

12.05

-6.79

Ala

11.67

1.19

12.33

0.00

Gln

14.49

-6.81

15.16

-9.69

Ser

15.25

-1.36

16.05

-3.36

Asn

16.73

-3.65

17.51

-6.41

Arg

17.90

-6.56

18.52

-9.69

Glu

18.68

-2.61

19.44

-5.71

Lys

19.25

-6.51

19.96

-9.71

Asp

20.70

2.50

21.54

0.00

Gly

21.60

2.30

22.48

0.00