Figure 3

Look-ahead effect ( ξ ) due to phenotypic mutations vs. the selection coefficient s. The solid line is for Eq. (5), dashes are for Eq. (6), dots are for Eq. (7), and data points are for simulations with 10⁹ repeats. N = 10⁴, $U=\frac{8}{19}{10}^{-8}$, β = 0.00019, T = 5 × 10⁵. Error bars are standard errors.