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Figure 2 | Biology Direct

Figure 2

From: Hox, Wnt, and the evolution of the primary body axis: insights from the early-divergent phyla

Figure 2

Phylogenetic framework of primary body axis symmetry. (A) Radial symmetry of a sponge larva. (B) Top down view of Pleurobrachia (Ctenophora). The tentacles and anal pores of the ctenophore disrupt the octoradiate symmetry established by the 8 ciliary combs. (C) Bilateral symmetry of Actinia as seen through a cross-section of Actinia. The decemradiate symmetry defined by the septa is broken by a single siphonoglyph. (D) Bilateral symmetry defined by numerous structures as seen through the Cross-section of an earthworm. Abbreviations: ms = mesenteries, rm = retractor muscle, dbv = dorsal blood vessel, mwi = muscular wall of intestine, fiw = fold of intestinal wall, ct = cuticle, gc = gland cell, ep = epidermis, cm = circular muscles, lm = longitudinal muscles, sbv = subneural blood vessel, vnc = ventral nerve chord, vbv = ventral blood vessel, cf = ciliated funnel, exp = excretory pore, np = nephridium, br = bristle (only two of the 4 pairs of bristles are shown), pr = peritoneum, cc = chloragen cells. Illustrations in A, B, and D are after [78] with permission from University of Chicago Press. Illustration in C after [6].

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