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Figure 2 | Biology Direct

Figure 2

From: Did the last common ancestor have a biological membrane?

Figure 2

Reconstruction of some aspects of the last universal ancestor's membrane. The hydrophobic segments of secretory proteins, SecY (PDB code 1RH5), the c subunit of the F0 ATPase (PDB code 1wu0), and the signal peptidase (PDB code 1B12) are in red. Extracellular segments are in blue, cytoplasmic segments in cyan, as defined in the PDBTM database [27]. The c subunit of the F0 ATPase is shown in ten copies, as is found in the E. coli complex [19].

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