Fig. 2

Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) suppressed pain hypersensitivity and inflammation in Apoe^−/− mice. A The loss of Apoe immunofluorescence staining in Apoe^−/− mice. Bar: 100 μm. B–G Paw withdrawal frequency (PWF) in response to 0.16 g (B, C) and 0.4 g (D, E) von Frey filament stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in response to thermal stimulation (F, G) on the ipsilateral (B, D, F) and contralateral (C, E, G) sides of C57BL6 (C57) or Apoe^−/− mice after physiological saline or CFA treatment. N = 6–16 mice/group. ^****p < 0.0001 compared with saline-treated C57 mice; ^####p < 0.0001 compared with CFA-treated C57 mice (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). H Paw edema evaluated based on the percentage of increased paw volume in C57 or Apoe^−/− mice after saline or CFA treatment. N = 6–8 mice/group. ^*p = 0.0222 (2 h), ^****p < 0.0001 (24 h) compared with saline-treated C57 mice; ^##p = 0.006 compared with CFA-treated C57 mice (two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). I–K The duration of paw withdrawal (H) and licking (I) and the number of paw flinching and shaking events (J) in C57 and Apoe^−/− mice within 1 h post-intraplantar administration of 5% formalin. N = 8 mice/group. Two-way ANOVA