Fig. 2

Intramyocardial injection of cEVs and nEVs improved cardiac function and reduced scar size post-MI. Representative M-mode images (A) and quantification of EF% (B) and FS% (C) of Sham, MI + PBS, MI + cEVs, and MI + nEVs groups at baseline, day 3, day 14, and day 28 post-MI (n = 6). Masson’s trichrome staining of mice hearts in different groups at day 28 post-MI (D) (scale bar = 1 mm, n = 5), and corresponding statistical analysis (E). F. Measurement of the left ventricle wall thickness of the mice hearts in different groups at day 28 post operation. G-I. Protein analysis of collagen I and collagen III in mice hearts at day 28 post-MI (n = 4). J, K. Relative mRNA levels of BNP (J) and ANP (K) in the MI + PBS group, MI + cEVs group, and MI + nEVs group. L. Analysis of the HW/BW (mg/g) in the MI + PBS group, MI + cEVs group, and MI + nEVs group (n = 6). (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 for MI + cEVs group or MI + nEVs group vs. PBS group; ^#P < 0.05 for MI + nEVs group vs. MI + cEVs group)