Table 1 Identified mechanically gated channels and channels with mechanosensitivity in our experiments and in the literature
Ion channels | Species | Material for analysis | Number of reads mapped | Number of tests (n) | Known data | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Location | Mechanosensitivity | |||||
Mechanically gated channels: Non-selective cation channels | |||||||
TRPM7 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 333.5 ± 31.5 | 3 | Pig and Human | Atrial tissues [36] | The authors did not investigate |
Human TRPM7 | TRPM7 channel expressed in HeLa cells | TRPM7 is a stretch-activated channel [37]. | |||||
Human TRPM7 | TRPM7 channel expressed in HEK293T cells | TRPM7 single channels are directly activated by stretch [38]. | |||||
Human TRPM7 | TRPM7 channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle A7R5 cells | TRPM7 is directly activated by shear stress [39] | |||||
TRPC1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 146.66 ± 6.96 | 3 | Human | Heart [40] | The authors did not investigate |
Rat | Atrial myocyte, ventricular myocyte, Purkinje cells | ||||||
Human TRPC1 | Human TRPC1 transfected into CHO-K1 cells | TRPC1 mediate stretch-activated currents [42] | |||||
Human TRPC1 | TRPC1 channel expressed in oocytes Xenopus laevis | TRPC1 is a stretch-activated channel [43] | |||||
Human TRPC1 | Human TRPC1 transfected into CHO-K1 cells | TRPC1 is a mechanosensitive channel [43] | |||||
TRPM4 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 179.66 ± 5.93 | 3 | Human | Purkinje fibers, atrial cardiomyocytes, ventricular cells [44] | The authors did not investigate |
Rat | Freshly isolated cardiomyocytes from the left ventricles [45] | The authors did not investigate | |||||
Human | Human TRPM4 transfected into HEK293 cells [46] | ||||||
Rat | Cerebral artery myocytes [47] | ||||||
TRPV2 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 21.66 ± 2.03 | 3 | Mice | Isolated cardiomyocytes [48] | The authors did not investigate |
Mice | Freshly dispersed vascular smooth muscle aortic myocytes | TRPV2 is a mechanosensitive channel [49]. | |||||
TRPC3 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 5.00 ± 3.00 | 3 | Human | Heart [40] | The authors did not investigate |
Mice | Ventricular myocytes [50] | ||||||
Rat | Ventricular myocytes [51] | ||||||
Mice | Ventricular myocytes [52] | ||||||
Mice | Ventricular myocytes | TRPC3 is a stretch-activated channel [53] | |||||
Canis | Cardiac atrial fibroblasts | TRPC3 is a stretch-activated channel [54] | |||||
TRPC3 expressed in NDC cells or CHO | TRPC3 is a stretch-activated channel [55] | ||||||
TRPV4 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 5.5 ± 0.50 | 3 | Neonatal rat | Cultured ventricular myocytes | TRPV4 is a stretch-activated channel [56] |
Rat TRPV4 | TRPV4 channel expressed in oocytes Xenopus laevis | TRPV4 is a stretch-activated channel [57]. | |||||
Human | Heart [40] | The authors did not investigate | |||||
Murine TRPV4 | The TRPV4 channel expressed in vitro in Chinese hamster ovary cells | TRPV4 is a mechanosensitive channels [58]. | |||||
TRPV1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 2.00 ± 0.58 | 3 | Rat | Kidney. Cloned from the rat kidney | TRPV1 is a mechanosensitive channel (initially named “stretch-inactivated channel”), [59]. |
Mice | Bladder urothelium | TRPV1A is a mechanosensitive channel [60]. | |||||
TRPM3 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1.33 ± 0.88 | 3 | Human, bovine, mice | TRPM3-expressing HEK-293 cells (Expression in bovine and human kidney; in mouse and human brain). | TRPM3 is a mechanosensitive channel [61] |
TRPC5 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1.33 ± 0.88 | 3 | Human | Heart [40] | The authors did not investigate |
Murine TRPC5 | TRPC5 channel expressed in HEK-293 cells | TRPC5 is a stretch-activated channel [62] | |||||
TRPA1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 3 | Droso-phila | Heart [63] | TRPA1 is a mechanosensitive channel [63] |
Mice | Inner ear hair cells | TRPA1 is a mechanosensitive channel [64] | |||||
Caenorhabditis elegans | TRPA1 is a mechanosensitive channel [65] | ||||||
TRPC6 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 3 | Human | Heart [40] | The authors did not investigate |
Mice | Isolated ventricular myocytes | TRPC6 is a stretch-activated channel [22] | |||||
TRPC6 | HEK-293 cells were transfected with the TRPC6 vector | TRPC6 is a mechanosensitive channel [66] | |||||
Cerebral artery | Myocytes | TRPC6 is a mechanosensitive channel [47] | |||||
Heart | Ventricular myocyte | TRPC6 is a mechanosensitive channel [67] | |||||
PKD1 (Polycys-tin-1, TRPP1) | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 267.33 ± 17.9 | 3 | Mice | Vascular smooth muscle cells | TRPP1 (PKD1) is a mechanosensitive ion channel [68] |
PKD2 (Polycys-tin2, TRPP2) | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 191.66 ± 35.09 | 3 | Heart | Ventricular myocyte | |
Piezo 1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 145.33 ± 8.01 | 3 | Human Piezo1 | Piezo1 transfected into HEK-293 cells | Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive channel [71] |
Adult human | Adult human ventricular cardiomyocyte AC16 | Piezo1 is a stretch-activated channel [72] | |||||
Rat | Piezo1 channels were natively expressed in dorsal root ganglia tissue. | Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive channel [73] | |||||
Piezo 2 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 3 | Rat | Piezo2 channels were natively expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia tissue. | Piezo2 is a mechanosensitive channel [73] |
Mice | Vagal sensory nerves | Piezo2 is a mechanosensitive channel [74] | |||||
Mechanically gated channels: MGCh K | |||||||
TREK-1/K2P2.1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 153,00 ± 11.93 | 3 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocyte | TREK-1 is a stretch-activated channel [75] |
Rat | Ventricular myocyte | TREK-1 is a mechanosensitive channel [75] | |||||
Human | Atrial and ventricular tissue. | TREK-1 (K2P2.1) is a mechanosensitive channel [76] | |||||
Murine TREK-1 | TREK-1 transfected into COS cells | TREK-1 is a mechano-gated K+ channel [77] | |||||
TRAAK/K2P4.1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0.66 ± 0.33 | 3 | Human and murine heart | Atrial and ventricular tissue | TRAAK (K2P4.1) is a stretch-activated channel [76] |
TRAAK/ K2P4.1 | TRAAK transfected into COS cells | TRAAK (K2P4.1) is a stretch-sensitive K2P channel [76] | |||||
TREK-2/ K2P10.1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0 | 3 | Human, Mice | Heart: atrial and ventricle | Stretch-activated cardiac K2P channels [76] |
SAKCA or BKCa. Different Types: KCNMB2 KCNMB4 KCNMB1 | Chick | Ventricular myocyte | SAKCA is a mechanosensitive channel [78] | ||||
SAKCA | SAKCA cloned from the heart | SAKCA is a mechanosensitive channel [79] | |||||
KCNMB2 (BKCa) | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 6.66 ± 0.88 | 3 | The authors did not investigate | The authors did not investigate | |
KCNMB4 (BKCa) | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 2.66 ± 0.88 | 3 | |||
KCNMB1 (BKCa) | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3 | |||
KATP | Neonatal and adult rat | Atrial myocyte | KATP is a mechanosensitive channels [80] | ||||
Rat | Ventricular myocytes | KATP are mechanosensitive channels [41] | |||||
Voltage-gated channels with mechano-sensitivity VGChMS | |||||||
NaV1.5 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 3158.0 ± 405.7 | 3 | NaV1.5 channel expressed in HEK 293 cells | NaV1.5 is a mechanosensitive channel [81] | |
Human heart NaV1.5 | NaV1.5 channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes | NaV1.5 is mechanosensitive channel [82] | |||||
NaV1.6 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 3 | Mouse NaV1.6 | NaV1.6 channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes | NaV1.6 is mechanosensitive channel [83] |
CaV1.2 L-type | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1336,66 ± 71.8 | 3 | CaV1.2 subunits | CaV1.2 subunits transfected into HEK-293 | Cloned CaV1.2 channel exhibits mechanosensitive behavior similar to the native channel [84] |
CaV1.3 L-type | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 17.33 ± 2.03 | 3 | Mice | Inner hair cells (IHCs) | CaV1.3 is mechanosensitive channel [85] |
CaV1.1 L-type | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3 | The authors did not investigate | The authors did not investigate | |
CaV2.2 N-type | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0 | 3 | Human | Human embryonic kidney T-antigen-transformed (HEK-tsA201) cells | Patch-stretch whole cell (1) and whole cell inflation (2) [86] |
KV1.2 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 212.00 ± 10.02 | 3 | KV1.2 channels | KV1.2 is a mechanosensitive channel [67] | |
KV1.5 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 30.66 ± 1.67 | 3 | KV1.5 channel | KV1.5 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes | Stretch by suction (negative pressure) via patch pipette [87] |
KV3.2 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3 | KV3.2 channels | KV3.2 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes | Stretch by suction (negative pressure) via patch pipette [87] |
KCNQ | Chick | Ventricular myocytes | KCNQ channel responds to membrane stretch [67] | ||||
KV7.1 /KCNQ1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 821.00 ± 77.20 | 3 | KCNQ1/ KV7.1 channel | KV7.1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes | KCNQ1 channel responds to membrane stretch [88] |
KCNQ1/ KV7.1 channel | KV7.1 channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes | KCNQ1 channel responds to hypo-osmotic swelling. Voltage clamp (two-electrode) [89] | |||||
KCNQ1/ KV7.1 channel | KV7.1 channel in CHO cells | Hypotonic swelling. Patch-clamp studies [90] | |||||
Inward rectifier K+-channels (Kir) with mechano-sensitivity | |||||||
Kir6.2 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 1240.66 ± 57.1 | 3 | Human Kir6.2 | Human Kir6.2 transfected into HEK293T | Kir6.2 is a mechanosensitive only with SUR2A subunit [91] |
Kir6.1 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 82.66 ± 6.49 | 3 | Kir6.1 | Expression of Kir6.1 was analyzed in human valve interstitial cells (VIC). | Kir6.1 is a mechanosensitive channel [92] |
Kir2.3 | Rat | Isolated ventricular myocytes | 0 | 3 | Mice | Ventricular myocytes | Kir2.3 is a mechanosensitive channel [22] |