Fig. 7
Ti3C2 nanosheets exposure induces apoptosis in mouse testes and GC-1 cells. a Testicular cross-sections were stained with TUNEL technique using Colorimetric TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit. Magnification at 100 × and 400 ×. b–g Testicular PUMA, Cleaved-caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blotting. h, i Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The apoptotic rate was calculated by the Annexin V-positive staining cells. j–o Cellular PUMA, Cleaved-caspase3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blotting. All data were expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, compared with the control group