Figure 2From: From the scala naturae to the symbiogenetic and dynamic tree of lifeUpper part of the "Great Chain of Being" or Scala Naturae , as published in 1745 by Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) (left column). On the right side, the title page of the most influential book of Jean Lamarck (1744-1829) and his tree-like scheme of 1809 is shown [adapted from refs. 15 and 16].Back to article page